April 2023 was less “productive” when compared with March.
The F2 electron density at moderate to high latitudes is greater during winter than in summer, especially at times of enhance solar activity [1]. This implies that the F2 critical frequencies become lower towards the summer season in the northern hemisphere. During previous cycles, most openings occurred during the winter period.
In order to get across the equator during the summer period, sporadic E (Es) is needed to extend the F2 propagation to our latitudes. My own observations led to the assumption that Es occurrence is linked to meteor showers and it is also well known that the Es “season” usually starts late April.
April observations
My somewhat limited observations were that most DX was seen around the 25th of April. On the 24th, a brief opening to ZS6 was recorded and on the 25th, good signals were seen from Brazil. Two spots from Chile sere also seen. I assume that those who have better reception, have seen many more stations and during longer periods.
On the 26th and 27th, again some short openings to V5 and ZS6.
Here is the report:
2023-04_PA2S_50MHz_Month_graphs
It is hoped that we will have some good Es during May and June and that Es linked F2 will provide more DX.
Solar activity is currently around the 150 level (solar flux index) and that level is good enough for propagation over or along the equator. Many DX spots are seen from Mediterranean countries and we are waiting eagerly for good Es.
[1] Radio wave propagation and the ionosphere, Yakov L. Al’pert, 1974, p 295.